Tales from Shakespeare vol.1

Contents
 
CHARACTERS INTRODUCTION   2
INTRODUCTION   12
THE TEMPEST   20
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM   48
OTHELLO   77
KING LEAR   109
TWELFTH NIGHT   145
PERICLES, PRINCE OF TYRE   177

Introduction

　　The greatest writer in English language, the most influential dramatist and the gifted poet! Who can be honored like that unquestionably through ages? There were many excellent writers writing fabulous stories in the past, there are numerous writers impressing us with their insightful works now, and there will be talented writers surprising us by their creativity, still William Shakespeare was, is and will be considered as the greatest writer in English language unarguably.

　　So who was William Shakespeare? Actually we only know very little about him. His life can be summarized by the following facts.

　　1. He was born in Stratfort-upon-Avon, England, on 26 April 1564.

　　2. His father was John Shakespeare, who worked as a leather worker, business owner and civil servant in Stratfort. His mother was Mary Arden from a rich family in Wilmcote, Warwickshire.

　　3. He did not go to any college. Probably he studied in the grammar school in his home town for a few years.

　　4. He married Anne Hathaway in 1582. The couple had three children, Susanna, and the twins Hamnet and Judith. Unfortunately, Hamnet died when he was 11 years old.

　　5. He went to London after the birth of the twins in 1585. No one really knew what he did in London in the next seven years. We only know that he had already become a famous and popular playwright in 1592.

　　6. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories. Comedies are the plays with humorous scenes and happy endings. Histories are the plays based on historical figures and events. Then he wrote mainly tragedies from 1600 to 1608. Tragedies are the plays with sad endings. In the last part of his career, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances. These plays have tragically events in the beginning of the play, but all the problems are solved by the end of the plays.

　　7. Since women were not allowed to perform on stage during Shakespeare's time, all the female roles were played by boy actors.

　　8. His playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men built the Globe Theatre in London in 1599. He was the shareholder of the theatre. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613.

　　9. He died on 23 April, 1616. He was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Stratford on 25 April, 1616.

　　10. He did not create the plots for his plays from scratch. He got ideas from the stories he read or heard, but his genius had transformed the old tales into the philosophical and poetic plays, which are unparalleled. Totally he wrote 37 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 narrative poems.

　　Ben Johnson, Shakespeare's good friend and fellow writer, wrote the most famous praise about Shakespeare: “Shakespeare was not of an age, but for all time.”

　　What makes Shakespeare so great? It is such a big topic that many scholars have done excellent research with their strong arguments, and no one in his or her life time can possibly finish reading all the research articles about Shakespeare. To summarize what the scholars have said, Shakespeare had a deep understanding to human nature, he created the unforgettable characters in an extremely authentic and vivid way, and he told the dramatic stories with stunningly beautiful and poetic words! As readers or audiences to Shakespeare's masterpieces, who would forget the heart breaking story about the star crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet ? Who would not fancy the world of fairies after they enter the enchanted woods with the young lovers in A Midsummer Night's Dream?

　　You may ask this question, if Shakespeare's works are so amazing, why don't we just read his original plays directly? I am quite sure that some advanced readers can handle the Elizabethan English Shakespeare used to write; however, to most of the readers nowadays, especially children and young adults, both the verse and prose in the plays are too strange and difficult for them to understand. Moreover,

　　Shakespeare was a playwright, not a novelist. His plays were written for actors to perform, not for the readers to read. Each of his play has five acts and each act has different scenes, with some brief stage directions. The characters in the plays use dialogues and monologues to deliver the plots. They speak in verses or proses according to their social status or mood. Most of the young readers are not familiar with the literary genre. They may get confused or frustrated. Definitely we do not want to give the young readers the wrong impression that reading Shakespeare is an intimidating task.

　　Then how to help young readers to read Shakespeare in a fun way? Mr. Charles Lamb (1775-1834), a famous essayist in nineteenth century England was the first person who had done something brilliant about it. Charles Lamb and his sister, Mary Lamb (1764-1847) worked together and retold the stories from Shakespeare's plays. While the brother retold the intriguing plots of Shakespeare's tragedies, the sister was responsible for rewriting the delightful tales of the comedies.

　　The book Tales from Shakespeare was first published in 1807. Charles Lamb was a famous essayist and poet himself, and Mary Lamb's talent of writing was no less than her younger brother. Actually Mary was the person who taught Charles reading when he was a little boy!

　　This version of Shakespeare's stories was not only beautifully written, but also kept Shakespeare's own language as much as possible. It helps young readers to get familiar with the English of Shakespeare's time, and give them the confidence to read the original plays when they are ready. Once the readers learn how to appreciate Shakespeare's masterpieces, they will not be the same persons anymore. They have drawn the curtain of a wide stage to see the most fascinating scenes in the world!

　　Now please listen to this: “All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players; they have their exits and their entrances...” Let the play start! And it is not any play; it is a play by William Shakespeare!