Freud: The Making of An Illusion

　　戳破精神分析大師創造的幻象，呈現佛洛伊德追隨者不願直視的真相

　　佛洛伊德無疑是西方社會最具影響力的人物之一，他的理論改變了我們對心智、自我，甚至思緒的理解。但他的形象同時也是來自於被刻意神化，並拒絕接受批評和檢視之下的結果。

　　Frederick Crews，加州大學柏克萊分校英文系榮譽教授，長期投入對佛洛伊德生平的研究，在本書中，他以一貫犀利、機智的文字，赤裸呈現了這位精神分析大師的真實面目。

　　藉由過去鮮少被參照的檔案資料，及曾被掩蓋的書信等線索，Frederick Crews蒐集了為數眾多的證據，呈現了「全新」的佛洛伊德：一個事實上從未治癒過任何人的醫師，一個在乎自己更勝他人的男人。他對成功的熱愛超過科學；他為了職涯發展而偽造病歷，背叛了曾助他一臂之力的精神導師；他有急於跳入結論的傾向，缺乏嚴謹的研究態度；他將古柯鹼作為一種可以治療眾多疾病的神奇藥物推廣給大眾；許多他的想法和結論都是純粹出於推測，或者全盤來自他人。Crews同時挖掘出在佛洛伊德之前，已有多位心理學者提出潛意識的概念──這與他自稱是這個領域的先驅者一事相牴觸。

　　這位精神分析大師的傳奇之所以能夠維持，要歸功於佛洛伊德對形象的自我創造，及其追隨者的護航。這部紮實、豐富、引人入勝的傳記研究，將大膽顛覆我們以往對佛洛伊德的認識，Crews嚴厲、切中要點的批評，極有可能成為這位二十世紀最重要也最具爭議性的人物的最終評價。(文/博客來編譯)

　　From the master of Freud debunkers, the biography that finally and definitively puts an end to the myth of psychoanalysis and its creator

　　Since the 1970s, Sigmund Freud’s scientific reputation has been in an accelerating tailspin. Nonetheless, the idea persists that some of Freud’s contributions were visionary discoveries of lasting value. In Freud: The Making of a Wizard, Frederick Crews investigates these discoveries and reveals findings that will revolutionize our conception of the therapist, the theorist, and the human being.

　　With unusual access to archives not yet publically available, Crews sheds new light on Freud’s character, values, and conduct. He gives the full account of Freud’s fifteen-year involvement with cocaine; he explores Freud’s early struggles as a physician; his relations with eminent mentors; his case histories—some of which involved “patients” who didn’t exist; the misogyny that haunted his private and professional life; and the role of his sister-in-law, Minna Bernays, who served as his secretary, muse, and concubine.

　　In the process, Crews shows us a surprising new Freud: a man who blundered tragicomically in his dealings with patients, who misunderstood the psychological controversies of the era, who tried to appropriate the findings of others, and who advanced his career through falsifying his record and betraying the colleagues who had helped him to rise. The legend has persisted, Crews shows, thanks to Freud’s fictive self-invention as a master detective of the psyche, and later through a campaign of censorship and falsification conducted by his followers.

　　A monumental biography and a slashing critique, Freud: The Making of a Wizard will stand as the last word on the most significant and contested figure of the twentieth century.

作者簡介

　　Frederick Crews is an essayist and literary critic. Professor Emeritus of English at the University of California, Berkeley, Crews is the author of books on Henry James, E. M. Forster and Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Postmodern Pooh, a book of satirical essays parodying contemporary criticism (Profile). Crews has written a number of essays, book reviews and commentaries for the New York Review of Books, on topics including Freud.