CNN互動英語[有聲版]：【時事、新知】開始英語世界的大門 12月號/2019第231期 (電子雜誌)

Interstellar SpaceX
SpaceX 發表地表最強載人太空船
Elon Musk Discusses the Cosmic Future of His Company

ROBYN CURNOW, CNN ANCHOR
Welcome back. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk is predicting his space travel company may be able to fly humans into orbit within a year for billions of dollars less than he had expected. Now, he made these comments on Saturday at the SpaceX launch facility in Texas, and that’s also where he unveiled his new interplanetary rocket. It’s called the Starship—of course—and this is also where he made these very bold predictions to Rachel Crane. Take a listen.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
Your goal has always been to make us a multi-planetary species …
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Yeah.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
… to establish a colony on Mars. Tonight, today—the unveiling of Starship. Is that a turning point in that mission?
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Yeah, I think this is the first time we have a real hardware of something that is capable of—with a little evolution—of being something that could create a self-sustaining city on Mars and a base on the Moon. 
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
And you …
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Absolutely.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
… you said, tonight, that you might be flying people in a year in this thing.
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
If the development continues to improve exponentially, then I think we could be sending people to orbit before the end of next year, you know, within a year—approximately. 
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
But SpaceX hasn’t put a human in space yet. How are you guys gonna do this in a year?
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Well, we will be putting people into orbit soon. We will be transporting astronauts for NASA in, probably, I don’t know, three or four months to the space station.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
Yeah, on that point, NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted yesterday, saying that … 
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Yeah.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
… he was very excited about the event today, but he also said, quote, “Commercial Crew is years behind schedule” and “it’s time to deliver.” Did you take that … 
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Did he say Commercial Crew or SLS?
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
He said Commercial Crew.
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Oh, OK. Geez. 
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
I mean, interchangeable. No, but, how do you respond to that? And did you take that as a dig?
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Well, I mean, first of all, everything in aerospace is light-years behind, OK? It’s really a question of, relatively speaking, which one is more late [later]. So, the hardware for the high-altitude abort demonstration for Crew Dragon will be there in October. The hardware for the first crewed flight will be there in November. And so, most of the work that is required from now through [to the] flight of NASA astronauts is a long series of safety reviews. So, it’s not really hardware-related, and it’s really going as fast as we can make it go. If there’s some way to make it go fast[er], I would make it go faster.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
Let’s talk about funding. You’ve said in the past that Starship would cost between two and 10 billion dollars. [Are] you still looking at that price tag?
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
I think it’s actually …
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
You laugh[ed].
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Yeah, yeah. It’s a big range. I mean, I think it’s probably closer to two or three than it is to 10.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
Is that because of the switch to steel?
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
The switch to steel is quite … is fundamental. It … I think that’s, literally, made … that might be the best design decision I’ve ever made. I can’t think of a better one. The steel is lighter than the carbon-fiber solution or lighter than the aluminum-lithium solution and costs two percent as much, so …
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
In hindsight, do you wish that you would use steel …
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Absolutely, a no-brainer.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
The climate crisis: We’ve seen protests all over the globe this month, mostly led by young people, like Greta Thunberg. 
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Yeah.
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
Does the public outcry … does that increase the urgency for what you guys are doing here?
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
Well, I mean, I really view what we’re doing here as making life multi-planetary as opposed to escaping Earth. I mean, I think like 99 percent of our resources should be on making sure that the future on Earth is good, but I think at least one percent of our resources should be on making life multi-planetary and extending consciousness out to other planets, both for the defensive reason of preserving the light of consciousness into the future, as well as the adventure, the excitement—I find personally more motivating than the defensive argument. 
RACHEL CRANE, CNN CORRESPONDENT
So, you prefer to be a[n] optimist rather than a pessimist.
ELON MUSK, CEO, SPACEX
I mean, I think excitement and adventure and a sense of possibility about the future are incredibly important, otherwise, why live?

CNN主播  蘿蘋．柯諾
歡迎回來。SpaceX執行長伊隆．馬斯克預言他的太空旅行公司可望在一年內把人類送入軌道，花費比他原先預期的還要少好幾十億美元。週六他在SpaceX位於德州的發射場發表了這些言論，那裡也是他向大眾介紹其新型星際火箭的地方。它叫做星際飛船──可以想見──而且也是在這裡，他向芮秋．奎恩做出這些相當大膽的預測。聽聽看。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
你的目標向來是要讓我們成為跨足多個星球的物種……
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
是啊。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
……要在火星上建立殖民地。今晚，今天──星際飛船亮相了。這是那項任務的轉捩點嗎？
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
對啊，我想這是第一次我們有一個實際的硬體是可以──稍加改進後──可以在火星上創建一個自給自足的城市，以及在月球上建立一個基地。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
而你……
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
絕對是這樣。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
……今晚你說你們可能可以在一年內用這東西來載人飛行。
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
如果研發保持大幅度的進展，那麼我想我們可以在明年底之前送人進入軌道，在一年內──差不多。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
但是SpaceX還沒有把人送上太空過。你們要怎麼在一年內做到這件事呢？
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
我們很快就會把人送進軌道了。我們可能會在，我不知道耶，三或四個月之內，幫美國太空總署把太空人送到太空站去。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
是喔，說到那個，美國太空總署署長吉姆．布萊登斯坦昨天推文說……
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
是。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
……他對於今天的活動感到很興奮，不過他也說，我引用他的話，「商業載人計畫進度已經落後好幾年了」、「該拿出成果了。」你有覺得那……
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
他是說商業載人計畫還是太空發射系統？
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
他是說商業載人計畫。
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
喔，好吧。老天。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
我是說，換過來說也一樣。沒有啦，不過，那個你怎麼回應？你把那看成是挖苦嗎？
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
我是說，首先，太空中所有事情都是落後好幾光年的，好嗎？問題其實在於，相對來說，哪一個落後比較多。十月時載人飛龍號高空中止測試的硬體會到位。十一月時，首度載人飛行的硬體會到位。所以，從現在開始一直到載送美國太空總署太空人航行這段期間，需要做的工作大多是一連串的安全檢核。所以，不太算是跟硬體有關，而且我們已經竭盡所能加快速度。如果有方法可以讓進度更快，我會讓它更快的。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
來聊聊資金。你之前說星際飛船造價大約是二十億到一百億美元。你現在還覺得是那個價格嗎？
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
我想其實……
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
你笑了。
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
對，對啊。這範圍很廣。我是說，我想可能比較接近二十或三十億，而不是一百億。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
那是因為換成鋼嗎？
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
換成鋼是挺……是很重要的。它……我想那是，確實，讓……那可能是我做過最棒的設計決策了。我想不到更好的了。鋼比碳纖維的方案要輕，也比鋁鋰合金方案要輕，花費卻只要它們的百分之二，所以……
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
回頭來看，你希望你用的是鋼……
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
肯定的，想都不用想。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
氣候危機方面，這個月我們看到全球各地都有抗議活動，大部分是由年輕人主導，像是格蕾塔．通貝里。
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
對。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
群眾的吶喊……那會增加你們正在這邊做的事情的急迫性嗎？
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
我真的認為我們在這邊做的事是要讓生命跨足多個星球，而不是逃離地球。我是說，我認為我們百分之九十九的資源應該用在確保地球的未來是好的，不過我覺得至少要有百分之一的資源是用在讓生命跨足多個星球，讓我們的意識拓展到其他星球，一方面是為了防禦性的理由，讓我們的意識之光保存到未來，一方面也是冒險，那種興奮──我個人覺得這比防禦性的論調更讓人有動力。
CNN特派員  芮秋．奎恩
所以你比較偏好當個樂觀主義者而不是悲觀主義者。
SpaceX執行長  伊隆．馬斯克
我是說，我覺得興奮和冒險，還有對於未來的可能性的感受是相當重要的，不然活著有什麼意義呢？

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人物
For a Greta World
16歲環保鬥士格蕾塔．通貝里  用行動改變世界
The 16-Year-Old Swedish Activist Inspiring Climate Protesters Worldwide
來自瑞典的16歲少女格蕾塔．通貝里發起「為氣候罷課」運動，呼籲政府重視氣候變遷，掀起全球超過100國學生響應的浪潮，格蕾塔也因此獲今年諾貝爾和平獎提名。

環境
The Last Frontier in Peril
北美淨土阿拉斯加  淪為氣候變遷重災區
The Many Ways in Which Climate Change Is Impacting Alaska
阿拉斯加有著優美的景緻和豐富的自然資源，有美國「最後的邊疆」稱號，但科學家卻在這片淨土上發現許多氣候變遷的警訊，令人擔憂不已。

商業
High-Tech Hub
中國交通新動脈  北京大興國際機場啟用
Beijing Daxing International Airport Officially Opens for Business
北京大興國際機場今年九月底啟用，盼能紓解北京首都機場龐大的運量。大興機場除了規模驚人，所採用的高科技也令人眼睛為之一亮。

科技
Lab-Grown Diet
人造肉品將徹底改造人類飲食習慣？
Growing Meat Products from a Single Cell Might Change the Way We Eat
為解決糧食匱乏和氣候變遷問題，生技公司積極研發植物肉、試管肉。這些人造肉品可能在不久的將來成為我們餐桌上的常客。

保育
Captain Planet
CNN創辦人復育美國野牛救地球
CNN Founder Ted Turner’s Lifelong Quest to Save the Planet
身家億萬的CNN創辦人泰德．透納，買下200 萬英畝的土地，讓5萬頭野牛在大地徜徉，只為了實現兒時夢想，復育美國野牛，也連帶對環保有所貢獻。

生活
The Rice Is Right
一滴入魂  日本清酒走向國際
Exploring the World of Japan’s National Drink
日本清酒因原料、釀造方法、精米度等不同而有變化多端的風味。現在清酒也走出日本，成為全球餐廳、酒吧的新寵兒。

科技
Interstellar SpaceX
SpaceX發表地表最強載人太空船
Elon Musk Discusses the Cosmic Future of His Company
SpaceX發表新一代載人太空船星際飛船，預計在半年內完成軌道測試。執行長伊隆．馬斯克接受CNN訪問，談談他對航太發展的願景。

健康
New Toxic Trend
揭露電子煙潛藏的健康危機
Comparing the Health Risks of Vaping with Smoking
近日美國出現多起因電子煙而起的肺部疾病致死案例。醫師提醒，雖然電子煙不會產生焦油，但吸入其他化學物質仍可能對人體造成傷害。

娛樂
Brad Astra
布萊德．彼特戲路大突破  首次演出科幻片
Brad Pitt on Tackling a Sci-Fi Movie for the First Time
好萊塢巨星布萊德．彼特與CNN聊聊首次演出科幻片的心得，並透過電影反觀自身的親子關係。

社會
A Royal Legacy
哈利王子出訪非洲  追隨黛妃掃雷志業
Prince Harry Continues Princess Diana’s Fight against Land Mines
英國哈利王子夫婦兩人日前踏上非洲之旅，當中一大重點就是哈利王子延續22年前黛妃為人津津樂道的事蹟——投入掃除地雷的公益事業。

CNN 全球瞭望
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哈吉貝颱風重創日本
Lithium Battery Trio Win Chemistry Nobel Prize
三位鋰電池先驅贏得諾貝爾化學獎

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