Real or Fake?
Text-to-Video Tools Continue to Prompt Questions
AI生成影片時代來臨 虛實更難辨
FREDRICKA WHITFIELD, CNN ANCHOR
[OpenA]I has released a new tool called Sora, which allows its subscribers to create AI videos. I want you to see what I mean. CNN gave the tool this prompt: Create a video of a cat with a Santa hat climbing the exterior of a brownstone in New York City. And then, here it is. This is what you can see Sora created. Ah, OK, that’s interesting.
Here’s another one that we asked Sora: Create a video of a vintage blue car driving on the beach in California on a sunny day, and there are no other people on the beach. And here it is! This tool lets users create ultrarealistic, high-definition videos—except you see there are no tracks ... new tracks being created by that vehicle.
Alright. Well, joining me right now is Gary Marcus, emeritus professor at NYU and author of Taming Silicon Valley.
Should we be excited about this?
GARY MARCUS, PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY AND NEURAL SCIENCE (EMERITUS), NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
I think it’s fun if you wanna make a quick music video. I don’t think it’s gonna put Hollywood out of business. There’s [There are] still a lot of problems—like, if you look at the cat video, the cat is actually about eight feet tall.
FREDRICKA WHITFIELD, CNN ANCHOR
Yeah.
GARY MARCUS, PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY AND NEURAL SCIENCE (EMERITUS), NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
And if you look at the beach video, in addition to the lack of tracks that you noticed, there’s actually a passenger at the beginning of the video, and then the passenger disappears as it [the video’s angle] curves around. It [The passenger] goes behind the pillar, and then the person disappears—and that’s, kinda, crazy stuff. So, there’s [there are] still a lot of problems with physics. There’s [There are] a lot of problems, also, with copyright. So, it’s easy to get it to make things like Mario characters, and Marvel characters and so forth. And, so, we can expect some lawsuits around it.
FREDRICKA WHITFIELD, CNN ANCHOR
Oh, boy.
GARY MARCUS, PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY AND NEURAL SCIENCE (EMERITUS), NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
And, then, there’s a problem with economics, which is it’s actually very expensive to run. They haven’t published figures, but they’re limiting how much access people get. You get a certain number of credits per day, and I think that’s because it’s very expensive to actually run these systems.
FREDRICKA WHITFIELD, CNN ANCHOR
Are your worries [you worried] about, you know, how people are gonna have a difficult time discerning reality versus, you know, fiction, especially in this day and age, where people are getting rather confused about what to believe?
GARY MARCUS, PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY AND NEURAL SCIENCE (EMERITUS), NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
I think we have to worry a lot about a society where nobody can really trust anything, and even though this can’t make a full feature film, it can be used for the purposes of misinformation. There were some incidents in the election campaign. There’ll probably be more incidents in future election campaigns, and I think people are starting to feel like they can’t trust anything. There’s also the flip side, which is if somebody is accused of a crime, they’ll be, like, “Well, that was deepfaked,” even if it wasn’t. And, so, I think there is a cost to society in losing a handle on truth.
CNN主播 弗莉蒂卡.惠特菲爾德
OpenAI發表了一個叫作Sora的新工具,它允許訂閱者創作AI影片。我想讓各位看看我的意思。本台給這個工具下了這個指令:創作一段影片,是一隻戴著聖誕帽的貓在攀爬紐約市一棟褐石建築的外牆。然後,有了。這是各位可看到Sora做出的內容。啊,好,那很有意思。
這是我們要Sora做的另一個:創作一段影片,是一輛復古的藍色汽車在陽光明媚的加州海灘上行駛,而且海灘上沒有其他人。然後,有了!這個工具讓使用者創作超真實、高畫質的影片——但你可以看到沒有胎痕……那輛車產生的新胎痕。
好的。嗯,現在與我連線的是紐約大學名譽教授暨《馴服矽谷》的作者蓋瑞.馬可思。
我們應該對此感到興奮嗎?
紐約大學心理學暨神經科學(名譽)教授 蓋瑞.馬可思
如果你想要快速製作一段音樂影片,我覺得這很有趣。我不認為它會讓好萊塢關門大吉。還是有很多問題存在的——比如說,如果你看看那段貓咪影片,那隻貓實際上約有八英尺高吧。
CNN主播 弗莉蒂卡.惠特菲爾德
對啊。
紐約大學心理學暨神經科學(名譽)教授 蓋瑞.馬可思
而且你如果看那段海灘的影片,除了你注意到的少了胎痕外,影片的開始其實有一位乘客,然後隨著影片視角彎過去,那位乘客消失了。乘客跑到柱子後面,然後人就不見了——那可說是瘋狂的玩意兒啊。所以說,在物理方面還有很多問題。也有很多版權相關的問題。就是說,很容易讓它做出瑪利歐角色、漫威角色之類的東西。所以說,我們可以預期會有一些跟這有關的訴訟。
CNN主播 弗莉蒂卡.惠特菲爾德
哦,天哪。
紐約大學心理學暨神經科學(名譽)教授 蓋瑞.馬可思
然後還有經濟方面的問題,也就是它運行起來其實非常貴。他們還沒公布數字,但他們會限制人們可以使用多少。你每天有一定的點數,而我認為那是因為實際上運行這些系統是十分昂貴的。
CNN主播 弗莉蒂卡.惠特菲爾德
你擔心人們會難以分辨現實與虛構嗎,尤其在當今這個時代,人們對於該相信什麼變得很困惑?
紐約大學心理學暨神經科學(名譽)教授 蓋瑞.馬可思
我認為我們必須非常擔心一個沒有人能真正相信任何事的社會,而且即使這無法做出一部完整的劇情長片,但它可能會被用於錯誤資訊之途。在選舉競選活動中有過一些相關事件。在未來的選舉競選活動中或許會有更多事件,而且我認為人們開始覺得好像自己無法相信任何事。還有另外一面,就是若有人被指控犯罪,他們會說「那是深偽技術做出來的」,即便那並不是。因此,我認為失去掌握真相的能力對社會會有代價。