Introduction and historical findings that focused Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs as emerging pollutant.- Overview of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as emerging contaminants.- Worldwide occurrence, detection and fate of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in water.- Quantification of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in water.- DNA alterations and cellular damage induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatories on different species of fish.- Teratogenesis and embryotoxicity induced by Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs in aquatic organisms.- Ecotoxicological effects of the drug paracetamol: a critical review of past ecotoxicity assessments and future perspectives.- Adverse effects induced by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on freshwater invertebrates.- Ibuprofen and Diclofenac, effects on freshwater and marine aquatic organisms. Are they at risk?.- Toxicity assessment of acetylsalicylic acid to a freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio: hematological, biochemical, enzymological and antioxidant responses.- Contemporary methods for removal of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water reclamations.- Photo-Fenton treatment of a pharmaceutical industrial effluent under safe pH conditions.- Use of membrane for removal of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.- Nanotechnologies for removal of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug from wastewater.- Biological technologies used for the removal of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs.- Risk evaluation and legal framework of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs around the world.- Conclusions.