本月熱賣
  • 電子書
雅樂效應思維──〈樂記〉身心審美的當代解讀 (電子書)
試閱
收藏試閱本
適合手機 適合平板
  • 定價:360
  • 優惠價:284
載入中...

電子書閱讀軟體

支援瀏覽器說明

APP下載:

  • 分享
 

內容簡介

  是故情深而文明,氣盛而化神。和順積中而英華發外。唯樂不可以為偽。──〈樂記〉

  漢傳統音樂的審美常因其對身心的安頓提昇而受讚賞,包括「耳目聰明」、「氣盛化神」、「英華發外」等等。本書探究雅樂身心效益之說在今日學科視野下的意義,採用跨學科的對話方式,不僅由古書的文字,也由音樂心理學、音樂治療、腦造影、樂音聲波頻譜分析、起乩轉識調查等等今日學科研究之發現,與古書的文字來回映照。書中指出〈樂記〉的說法一方面呼應今日不同學科對於「音樂如何影響身心」的理解,一方面還點出該影響之運作原則;甚至更進一步提出具體的操作方式,以及相應的思維感知系統;為今日對音樂身心影響的理解瓶頸,開啟一扇突破的窗口,也為傳統身心審美展開一套理路系統。
 
 

作者介紹

作者簡介

王育雯


  美國哥倫比亞大學音樂理論博士,現任臺灣大學音樂學研究所副教授;長年致力於音樂與身心靈關聯之探討。早年研究的是西方藝術音樂及其美學;此後醉心於古代典籍的智慧,特別是其中有關人心運作,以及音樂如何對身心產生正面影響的看法。多年來持續禪修靜坐,並由其中獲益極大;通過自身內在經驗以及相關文獻探討,體會古人智慧與今日科學的相通之處,從而投入本書之研究。著作包括古琴的身心意義、漢傳統音樂的審美觀、樂曲及錄音分析,以及有關音樂時間性的析論。
 
 

目錄

前言
 
第一章 導論:漢音樂傳統的身心審美與價值觀
第一節 傳統音樂實踐的身心審美經驗
第二節 典籍中的身心審美
第三節 本書目的、相關研究

第二章 「耳目聰明,血氣和平」:樂音、內觀靜坐,與〈樂記〉的雅樂效應說
第一節 經驗調查與實驗發現
第二節 由靜坐修練的觀點分析《壽齊天》樂音結構
第三節 〈樂記〉的說法

第三章 音樂如何影響身心:〈樂記〉的禮樂操作與今日相關學科發現
第一節 相關學科中的經驗調查與實證發現
第二節 禮樂實踐中的「多方因素匯聚」

第四章 雅樂效應說的基礎:聯類協調
第一節 感應、同類相動
第二節 「類」的判別:「氣」與 心物關係
 
第五章 禮樂實踐中的聯類協調:操作要求及詮釋系統
第一節 禮樂操作要求:順正之氣
第二節 詮釋系統
 
第六章 音樂聆聽感知中的聯類協調
第一節 身心交關的聆聽
第二節 攸關社會秩序的音樂聆聽
第三節 繫天繫地之聆聽
第四節 不同領域間的聯類協調

第七章 結語:〈樂記〉身心審美在今日的意義
第一節 雅樂身心審美在今日的實踐
第二節 由相關學科中的身心/心物關係 看〈樂記〉之當代意義
 
後記
引用文獻
索引
 
 
 

詳細資料

  • ISBN:9789863503477
  • 規格:普通級 / 初版
  • 出版地:台灣
  • 檔案格式:EPUB流動版型
  • 建議閱讀裝置:手機、平板
  • TTS語音朗讀功能:無
  • 檔案大小:2.1MB

會員評鑑

3.5
2人評分
|
2則書評
|
立即評分
user-img
5.0
|
2021/10/02
此書見解獨到,論點精闢,從音樂理論角度,以腦科學研究方法,詮釋雅樂的全新風貌。足見作者用心之深,研究之嚴謹,是值得一讀再讀的好書
展開
user-img
1.5
|
2020/03/07
這本書提到一項腦造影實驗,該實驗在台大進行,我亦有所耳聞。《雅樂效應思維》第47頁提到,此實驗的受試者有31位,一半的受試者聽韓國傳統雅樂,另一半聽莫札特音樂,結果發現在聆聽音樂之後,聽韓國傳統雅樂這組人的背外側前額葉與背側前扣帶回、背外側前額葉之功能性連結增加,另一組人則無此現象,然後,

"為了更進一步確定此腦部活動情形與正念狀態是否有關,研究團隊又進行了一個心理作業測驗的實驗,用測量正念狀態以及思緒漫遊(mind wondering)程度的測驗SART,測試聆聽後的心智運作情形是否較為接近正念狀?實驗結果也是肯定的。" (《雅樂效應思維》P. 47)

這些敘述,至少暴露出三個問題。第一,思緒漫遊這個概念首度出現於這本書的時候,王育雯老師似乎沒有為它下定義。第二,思緒漫遊的英文寫錯了,不是mind wondering,而是mind wandering。第三,這項腦造影研究並未發表於國際學術期刊,王育雯老師在這段敘述所給出的文獻,乃是國際研討會論文[Wang, Y., Teng, S.-C., Lien, Y.-W., Huang, Y.-A., & Chen, J.-H.(2014). Music Induces Mindfulness State — The Sujecheon Effect. Proceedings of the Third Joint Conference of ICMPC],我也參與了該次研討會,水準不錯,但是研討會論文畢竟不是什麼正式的論文。
《雅樂效應思維》第99頁提到一篇重要論文[Juslin PN1, Västfjäll D. (2008). Emotional responses to music: the need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behav Brain Sci. 31(5):559-75; discussion 575-621.],該文探討音樂引發情緒的機制。我也曾撰文探討這篇重要論文,因為該文在發表後十年之間,被引用的次數超過1400次,詳見拙文。令人遺憾的是,《雅樂效應思維》第99頁的敘述,似有誤導之嫌,糟蹋了原本的英文論文:

"腦幹反應則涉及個體的身心特質。而音樂情緒感染、視覺想像、聆聽過程中的期待等,不僅牽涉到主體的情緒、想像、認知等心理活動、以及與此相伴之個人心理特質,同時也牽涉到聲響風格結構。"

這些敘述,至少暴露出三個問題。第一,腦幹反應這個詞是錯誤的中文翻譯,原文brain stem reflex,應該翻譯為腦幹反射。生理學中的反射一詞,強調的是針對特定的刺激產生快速反應,跟一般的反應並不相同,Encyclopaedia Britannica 指出”Reflex, in biology, an action consisting of comparatively simple segments of behaviour that usually occur as direct and immediate responses to particular stimuli uniquely correlated with them.” 第二,跟音樂引起情緒的其他機制相比,brain stem reflex比較不涉及個體特質,因為腦幹是比較“hard-wired”的低階腦區。第三,跟音樂引起情緒的其他機制相比,brain stem reflex應該更加牽涉到聲響風格結構,具體而言,容易造成腦幹反射的聲響,乃是突然出現的巨響或不協和音。為了還原brain stem reflex的本質,以下引用Juslin & Västfjäll (2008) 文中的相關敘述,並加上註解。

3.1.1. Brain stem reflex. This refers to a process whereby an emotion is induced by music because one or more fundamental acoustical characteristics of the music are taken by the brain stem to signal a potentially important and urgent event. All other things being equal, sounds that are sudden, loud, dissonant, or feature fast temporal patterns induce arousal or feelings of unpleasantness in listeners [按:這裡指出哪些特定聲響容易誘發腦幹反射] (e.g., Berlyne 1971; Burt et al. 1995; Foss et al. 1989; Halpern et al. 1986). Such responses reflect the impact of auditory sensations – music as sound in the most basic sense. The perceptual system is constantly scanning the immediate environment in order to discover potentially important changes or events. Certain sound qualities are indicative of change, such as sudden or extreme sounds, sounds that change very quickly, or sounds that are the result of strong force or large size. Sounds that meet certain criteria (e.g., fast, loud, noisy, very low- or high-frequenced) will therefore produce an increased activation of the central nervous system. The precise physiological processes underlying such brain stem responses are not completely understood, although evidence suggests that they occur in close connection with the reticular formation of the brain stem and the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, which receive inputs from the auditory system. The brain stem is an ancient structure of the brain that subserves a number of sensory and motor functions including, but not limited to, auditory perception and the mediation and control of attention, emotional arousal, heart rate, breathing, and movement (Joseph 2000). The reticular system is in a position to quickly induce arousal so that attention may be selectively directed at sensory stimuli of potential importance. The system exerts its widespread influences on sensory and motor functions and arousal through neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin. While the system may be activated and inhibited by the amygdala, hypothalamus, and orbitofrontal cortex, it may also be activated independently of these structures in a more reflex-like manner (Lipscomb & Hodges 1996; Tranel 2000). Brain stem reflexes to music rely on the early stages of auditory processing. When an auditory signal reaches the primary auditory cortex, the signal has already undergone a number of analyses by such brain structures as the superior olivary complex, the inferior colliculus, and the thalamus (Koelsch & Siebel 2005). Accordingly, alarm signals to auditory events that suggest “danger” may be emitted as early as at the level of the inferior colliculus. Brain stem reflexes are “hard-wired.” [按:這裡指出腦幹反射是快速而粗糙的處理,近乎本能]Thus, for instance, the perceived pleasantness and unpleasantness of sensory consonance and dissonance reflect how the hearing system divides frequencies into critical bandwidths: If the frequency separation of two tones is either very small or larger than the critical bandwidth, the tones will be judged as consonant. If the separation is about one-fourth of a critical band, the tones will be judged as maximally dissonant (Lipscomb & Hodges 1996). Sensory dissonance is suggestive of “danger” in natural environments, because it occurs in the “threat” and “warning” calls of many species of animals (Ploog 1992). Dissonance may thus have been selected by evolution as an unlearned negative reinforcer of behavior (Rolls 2007).
Brain stem reflexes are quick and automatic, as shown by evidence of rapid and pre-attentive categorization of subtle timbral differences associated with different emotions (Goydkeetal.2004), and affective priming effects of consonant and dissonant chords (Sollberger et al. 2003). Brain stem reflexes to music may function even prior to birth, as indicated by findings that playing loud music to fetuses produces heart rate accelerations and increased motor responses, whereas soft music produces moderate heart rate decelerations and reduced movement (for a review, see Lecanuet 1996). The arousal-inducing properties of music were investigated and theorized by Berlyne (1971).7 According to Berlyne’s theory, listeners will prefer musical stimuli that induce an “optimum” level of physiological arousal. If the “arousal potential” of the music is too high, listeners will reject the music. Similarly, if the arousal potential is too low, listeners will reject the music. Hence, Berlyne hypothesized that listeners’ preferences are related to arousal (or some aspect of it, such as speed or loudness) in the form of an inverted U-shaped curve (the Wundt curve). [按:這裡指出腦幹反射導致的激發,跟聽眾的喜好程度呈倒U曲線]Berlyne’s theory has received some empirical support from experimental studies (for a review, see North & Hargreaves 1997). In addition, several studies have shown that listeners use music to regulate their arousal in order to obtain optimal arousal (DeNora 2001; Thayer 1996). However, what is judged as “optimal” by a listener varies depending on the situation (North & Hargreaves 1997) and on personality characteristics of the listener (McNamara & Ballard 1999). Thus, it may be difficult to predict arousal responses without taking individual and contextual factors into consideration. Brain stem reflexes can explain the stimulating and relaxing effects of music, and how mere sounds may induce pleasantness and unpleasantness. However, it is unclear how the mechanism could explain the induction of specific emotions.
展開

最近瀏覽

 

相關活動

  • 現代出版,由此開始。商務印書館暢銷展,精選滿888現折88。
 

購物說明

使用電子書服務即為同意『博客來數位內容服務條款』請詳見客服中心說明。

自備暢通的網際網路連線及符合博客來支援的行動裝置、電腦作為閱讀工具,支援版本如下:

瀏覽器閱讀:無需安裝,即可閱讀。支援Safari (14以上版本)、Chrome (103以上版本) 、Edge瀏覽器 (106以上版本)。

APP閱讀:支援IOS13及Android 7以上系統。

電子書、 電子雜誌因版本屬性因素,恕無法比照紙本書籍提供MP3、DVD實體光碟,亦無提供相關影音檔案下載,請先確認無此需求再行下單購買。

請注意:

博客來電子書服務所使用之軟體程式及其支援行動裝置之可用版本隨時會更新調整,請隨時留意且主動查詢調整之內容。並請定時更新您的行動裝置作業系統版本,以確保本服務運作正常。若因個人裝置因素(如:其他應用程式衝突、裝置記憶體不足、行動裝置支援版本無法升級),無法使用博客來電子書閱讀服務或影響服務效能,需自行進行排除待符合博客來支援項目再行閱讀。

退換貨說明:

電子書購買前請務必先行試閱,不提供10天的猶豫期。

下列商品購買後博客來不提供10天的猶豫期,請務必詳閱商品說明並再次確認確有購買該項商品之需求及意願時始下單購買,有任何疑問並請先聯繫博客來客服詢問:

1.易於腐敗、保存期限較短或解約時即將逾期。
2.客製化之商品。
3.報紙、期刊或雜誌。
4.經消費者拆封之影音商品或電腦軟體。
5.下載版軟體、資訊及電子書、有聲書及影音.課程
6.涉及個人衛生,並經消費者拆封之商品,如:內衣褲、刮鬍刀…等。
7.藝文展覽票券、藝文表演票券。