Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles containing proteins, glycoproteins, mRNA, other small RNA species, and lipids, formed and released by various pathogens. They serve as mediators in intercellular communication, regulating physiological and pathological processes including inflammation and infectious diseases. EVs derived from cells or pathogens play crucial roles in mediating communication under different conditions, influencing the immune response, inducing inflammation, and regulating the infectious process. Understanding these signals offers potential for novel therapeutic approaches to disrupt communication between pathogens and hosts.