ALL+互動英語[有聲版]：【進階、應用】聽說讀寫全面升級 2022年2月號第207期 (電子雜誌)

Meet Professor Sarah Gilbert, Hero of the COVID-19 Pandemic
疫情時代的英雄：莎拉．吉爾伯特
Molly Leonard
2/14
Medical workers and researchers around the world have spent most of the past two years in an epic fight against COVID-19. Among them is Professor Dame Sarah Gilbert, the British vaccine researcher who was responsible for the development of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.
Gilbert began her work on vaccines shortly after her arrival at the University of Oxford in 1994, focusing on diseases that can cause major outbreaks, such as malaria and flu. After years of work, she developed a vaccine from an adenovirus (a type of cold virus) found in apes, which had been engineered so that it would be harmless to humans. The vaccine worked by carrying bits of genetic information into human cells and safely bringing about an immune response. Highly adaptable and simple to produce, the vaccine was designed as a kind of building block that could be modified to fight different viruses. Gilbert later used it to develop vaccines for Ebola and, more recently, MERS.
Years of work in the field made Gilbert an expert not only in designing and developing vaccines but also in producing them and getting them approved for clinical trials. So on January 1, 2020, when Gilbert read about a new and deadly virus circulating in China, she was ready.
在過去兩年大部分的時間裡，世界各地的醫療人員和研究人員都在艱辛地對抗新冠肺炎。其中一位就是女爵士莎拉．吉爾伯特教授，她是負責開發牛津阿斯特捷利康疫苗的英國疫苗研究員。
吉爾伯特在一九九四年到牛津大學後不久就開始了她的疫苗工作，專注在可能引發大爆發的疾病，像是瘧疾和流感。工作幾年後，她從人猿身上的腺病毒（一種感冒病毒）中開發出一種疫苗，此疫苗經過設計製造，因此對人類無害。這種疫苗藉由攜帶一些基因訊息進入人體細胞並安全地引發免疫反應來發揮作用。這款疫苗適應力強且容易製造，被設計作為一種組成成分，可以稍做修改來對抗不同的病毒。吉爾伯特後來用它開發出對抗伊波拉病毒和更近期的中東呼吸症候群冠狀病毒的疫苗。
在這個領域工作多年讓吉爾伯特不僅在設計和開發疫苗方面成為專家，也是生產疫苗和獲准進行臨床試驗的專家。因此，在二○二○年一月一日，當吉爾伯特讀到有一種新型且致命的病毒在中國傳播時，她已準備好了。
2/15
On January 11, 2020, Chinese researchers published the virus’s genetic sequence. It showed that the new disease was a coronavirus, related to the virus responsible for the deadly SARS epidemic in 2003. Recognizing that developing a vaccine was going to be a race against time, Gilbert got started immediately, building on her previous work. Within a few weeks, her team had a usable vaccine for lab tests. In April, they were running clinical trials, and on December 30, the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine received final approval.
Two major benefits of the vaccine are that it is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to transport. When the University of Oxford partnered with drugmaker AstraZeneca to mass-produce* it, an arrangement was made to ensure the vaccine would be sold at cost so that it would be affordable for low-income nations around the world.
Gilbert and her colleagues’ work has saved the lives of thousands upon thousands of people, and they are viewed by many as the heroes of the COVID-19 pandemic. But there is no time for celebration. The team is now trying to engineer the vaccine to help it fight new variants* more effectively. As Gilbert points out, “We’ve got to be better prepared for the next time . . . because, unfortunately, there is going to be a next time.”
二○二○年一月十一日，中國研究人員公布了病毒的基因序列。它顯示出這種新疾病是一種冠狀病毒，與導致二○○三年致命的SARS（嚴重急性呼吸道症候群）流行病的病毒有關。吉爾伯特意識到開發疫苗要跟時間賽跑，因此她以先前的工作為基礎，立即著手進行。在幾週內，她的團隊就研發出一款可用於實驗室測試的疫苗。四月時，他們進行了臨床實驗，而在十二月三十日，牛津阿斯特捷利康疫苗就取得了最終核准。
該疫苗的兩個主要優點是製造成本低廉且容易運送。牛津大學和製藥商阿斯特捷利康合作量產時，便已約定要確保此疫苗會以成本價販售，以便世界各地的低收入國家都負擔得起。
吉爾伯特及其同事的工作成果拯救了成千上萬人的性命，他們被許多人視為新冠肺炎大流行的英雄。但沒有時間慶祝。這個團隊現在正在設法設計疫苗來幫助它更有效對抗新的變種病毒。就如吉爾伯特所指出的：「我們必須為下一次做好更充分的準備……因為，很不幸地，將會有下一次。」

LiveABC互動英語教學集團創立以來持續研發數位學習內容，累積了豐富數位出版經驗，並成為經濟部『中堅企業重點輔導對象』唯一數位出版廠商，同時也是台灣第一家獲得『數位學習教材品質認證AAA級』最高榮譽的出版廠商，LiveABC擁有先進的技術與多媒體製作團隊，搭配專業的國內外教材編輯團隊，精心研發互動式多媒體語言學習產品，為數位學習的領導品牌，讓學習者能夠體驗「Learning Is Very Easy with LiveABC」

News Report  看新聞學英語
Whistleblower: Facebook Puts Profit over Public Safety
吹哨者：臉書將盈利置於公眾安全之上

Literature  文學花園
A White Heron
〈白蒼鷺〉

Science  科學新知
Graphene: The Material Helping Shape Our Future
石墨烯：改變未來的材料

CNN News
Squid Game Becomes Netflix’s Most Viewed Show Ever
《魷魚遊戲》成為網飛史上最多人觀看的節目

Travel  繞著地球玩
Yilan’s Endless East Coast Adventures
東海岸宜蘭之旅

Dialogue Focus  情境對話
A Plant for Every Occasion
圖解花卉及盆栽植物
Picking the Perfect Plant
挑選完美植物

Writing  寫作練習
Translation Practice
翻譯寫作

綜合測驗
The Cutest Solution to Climate Change
海獺：對抗氣候變遷的小鬥士

People  人物側寫
Meet Professor Sarah Gilbert, Hero of the COVID-19 Pandemic
疫情時代的英雄：莎拉．吉爾伯特

Culture  多元文化素養
Fantastic Beasts from around the World
世界各地的神奇怪物

文意選填
Should Extinction Be Undone?
應該讓滅絕動物復活嗎？

Outdoors  戶外求生
Survival Tips for Hiking Trips
爬山求生技巧

Topic Writing  主題式寫作
Pearls of Wisdom
影響我最深的一句話

Plus Talk  會話百分百
Getting in Touch with Friends and Family
電話和視訊英語
1. Getting Another Call  插播
2. Adding Someone to a Group Chat  加入群組通話
3. Calling Someone Back  回電
4. Experiencing Technical Difficulties  遇到技術問題

篇章結構
It’s All in Your Head: The Power of the Placebo
安慰劑的力量