CNN互動英語[有聲版]：【時事、新知】開始英語世界的大門 2023年07月號第274期 (電子雜誌)

Drought or Drown
年度全球氣候報告出爐  氣象專家大解析
Extremes of Climate Change Had Global Impacts in 2022
CHAD MYERS, CNN METEOROLOGIST
Once every year, the World Meteorological Organization, the WMO, puts out its State of the [Global] Climate. How did we do last year—2022? Well, in fact, the checkup for 2022 wasn’t so good [and] had some failing grades. Now, nine out of the past nine years have been the warmest on record. Now, technically, 2022 did not break a new record, but it was in the top three. And so very close—we’re just splitting hairs here [with] hundredths of a degree difference[s]. 
Temperatures are rising. Sea levels are rising. The ice loss is increasing. The glaciers across Europe were melting this year—very little snow there and very big heat. [As for] extreme weather events, and there were many. The water is warming in the ocean[s] and also in the lakes. The humidity is going up. The glaciers are going down. The snow cover is going down in many spots, and the sea ice, of course, is not as thick as it was. That doesn’t affect sea level rise, but anything that’s sitting on land—if it melts, that does affect sea level rise. It affected tens of millions of people. Food insecurity boosted mass migrations and cost billions and billions of dollars. 
So, what happened? Let’s get to some of these. It was the warmest ever—over 40 degrees [Celsius] in the U.K. for the very first time: 40.3. Even Heathrow got to 104.4 degrees [Fahrenheit]. That has never happened in any month, in any year ever before since we’ve been taking temperatures.
[The Earth is] 1.2 degrees C above average now, compared to where we were before we started burning fossil fuels. When that happens, you get more humidity in the air, and when that humidity wants to fall out of the sky, you get floods, especially [in] Pakistan. Some spots [were] over 400% of average. And when it monsoons in Pakistan, it rains. It truly comes down. But in 2022, it was 196% of average. 
And then some of that water—that rain, that humidity, that warmth—got up into the glaciers in the northern part of the country and melted those glaciers, and [that water] put [flowed] down in this [into the] Indus River. Now, hundreds of thousands of square miles of floods killed 1,700 people. Let me take you back. This is what it should look like: [a] very fertile, little area here—farmland. It wasn’t fertile last year because it was flooded for a very, very long time. 
Looking at China—[it had] the worst heat wave on record. It was hot almost the entire summer, triggered [triggering] terrible drought, and [they] even had power shortages across that country. [In] spots in the U.S., a lot of rainfall came down. One-in-one-thousand-year rainfall events happened many times across the U.S.
So, what do we know? Here’s what we know about climate change. There’s gonna be heat waves. We’re gonna have coastal flooding because the oceans are rising. The oceans are rising for the same reason [that] if you put your thumb on a thermometer, that mercury, or that red alcohol, will go up. If you warm the ocean, it gets bigger. So, it also goes up via thermal expansion. [There will be] very heavy rainfall and, of course, the droughts that come and go. If it rains, it rains, and if it doesn’t, it doesn’t. Those are those big extremes that sometimes it rains and sometimes it just doesn’t.

CNN氣象學家  查德．麥爾斯
世界氣象組織，即WMO，每年都會公布一次其全球氣候狀況報告。我們去年的表現如何呢──二○二二年？嗯，事實上，二○二二年的檢查結果不太好，還有些不及格的分數。過去九年中有九年是紀錄上最熱的。嚴格來說，二○二二年沒有創下新紀錄，但它位居前三。而且相當接近──我們這邊在糾結的是零點零幾度的差異。
氣溫正在升高。海平面正在上升。冰層流失正在增加。今年，歐洲各地的冰川都在融化──那裡的雪量非常少且氣溫非常高。至於極端天氣現象，也有很多。海洋中的水正在變暖，湖泊裡的也是。濕度在上升。冰川在變小。許多地方的覆雪正在減少，而且當然了，海冰也不如以往的厚。那不影響海平面上升，但任何積在陸地上的東西──如果它融化了，那確實會影響海平面上升。這影響了數千萬人。糧食不安全促成大規模遷移，並造成成千上百億美元的損失。
那麼，發生了什麼事呢？讓我們看看這當中的一些。這是史上最熱的一年──英國史上第一次超過攝氏四十度：四十點三。連希思洛機場也達到了華氏一百零四點四度。自從我們記錄氣溫以來，那在任何月分、任何年分都未曾發生過。
跟我們開始燒化石燃料之前相比，地球現在的平均溫度高了攝氏一點二度。當那種情況發生時，空氣中會有更多濕氣，而當那濕氣要從空中落下時，就會發生洪水，尤其是在巴基斯坦。部分地區超過平均的百分之四百。巴基斯坦的季風來臨時會降雨。真的會下雨。但是在二○二二年，那是平均的百分之一百九十六。
然後那些水當中有一些──那雨水、那濕氣、那溫暖──進入該國北部的冰川，並融化了那些冰川，然後那些水往下流入印度河。數十萬平方英里的洪水造成一千七百人喪生。讓我帶各位回顧一下。這是它應該看起來的樣子：一片非常肥沃的、小小的區域，是農地。去年這裡變得不再肥沃，因為這裡有非常、非常長一段時間都在淹水。
看一下中國──該國有紀錄上最嚴重的熱浪。幾乎整個夏季都很炎熱，引發了可怕的乾旱，而且他們甚至全國缺電。美國的部分地區下了很多雨。全美各地發生了多次千年一遇的降雨事件。
那麼，我們知道什麼呢？以下是我們對氣候變遷的了解。會有熱浪。因為海洋正在上升，我們會遭遇沿海地區的洪水。海洋上升是基於以下同樣的原因，如果你把大拇指放在溫度計上，那條水銀，也就是那條紅色的酒精會往上跑。如果你讓海洋變暖，它會膨脹。所以說，它也會藉由熱膨脹往上升。會有非常大量的降雨，當然了，還有時有時無的乾旱。下雨的話就狂下，不下雨的話就都不下。那些就是那類嚴重的極端情況，有時下雨，有時就是不下。

LiveABC互動英語教學集團創立以來持續研發數位學習內容，累積了豐富數位出版經驗，並成為經濟部『中堅企業重點輔導對象』唯一數位出版廠商，同時也是台灣第一家獲得『數位學習教材品質認證AAA級』最高榮譽的出版廠商，LiveABC擁有先進的技術與多媒體製作團隊，搭配專業的國內外教材編輯團隊，精心研發互動式多媒體語言學習產品，為數位學習的領導品牌，讓學習者能夠體驗「Learning Is Very Easy with LiveABC」

 

社會
Long Live the King
英國國王查爾斯三世正式加冕
The United Kingdom Celebrates a Once-In-A-Lifetime Coronation
5月6日，英國國王查爾斯三世在倫敦西敏寺正式加冕。查爾斯當王儲70年，是英國史上等候即位最久的王位繼承人。本文回顧加冕典禮的精彩亮點。

科技
Uncanny Algorithm
抖音演算法到底讓青少年看了什麼？
What Kind of Content Does TikTok Actually Show Teens?
CNN記者實測一個14歲青少年的抖音帳號，發現該程式會推薦或在搜尋時顯示一些不恰當的影片。除了要求抖音建立保護青少年的機制外，專家也建議家長多關心孩子的上網狀況。

社會
A Population Problem
印度成為世界人口第一大國是喜是憂？
India’s Lack of Opportunity Overshadows Growing Workforce
印度今年正式超越中國，成為世界第一人口大國，不過該國就業機會遠不足以支持廣大勞動人口，使得原本的經濟契機恐成危機。

環境
Drought or Drown
年度全球氣候報告出爐  氣象專家大解析
Extremes of Climate Change Had Global Impacts in 2022
世界氣象組織的最新年度全球氣候報告顯示，全球極端天氣事件愈來愈頻繁，某些地方發生熱浪和大範圍乾旱，某些地方則因爆量降雨而受洪害之苦。

科技
Realer than Real
當AI人工智慧被惡意誤用！
AI-Generated Images in a Political Ad Stoke Fears about Misinformation
強大又便利的人工智慧科技已漸漸進入你我的生活，政治圈也不例外，日前就有政黨廣告利用AI工具用假想內容生成仿新聞報導的影片，令人難辨真假！

商業
Time for Luxury
精品錶市場年輕化  新創品牌嶄頭角
Asia’s Youth Establish Themselves as Major Players in the Wristwatch Market
亞洲近年出現許多精品錶新創品牌，主打極簡風格和手工製作。此外，二手鐘錶交易網站的營業額也節節高升，顯示精品業走向年輕化、線上化。

科學
A Romantic Addiction
愛情讓人上癮  都是大腦惹的禍
A Biological Anthropologist Breaks Down Why We Love
生物人類學家發現，浪漫的愛情和成癮物質一樣，會刺激大腦中特定的區塊，而當人失戀時，與身體疼痛相關的大腦區塊會變得活躍，使人痛苦不已。

人物
Linsanity and Beyond
林書豪在台掀林來瘋2.0  場上場下都精彩
Basketball Legend Jeremy Lin Discusses Sports and Social Change
林書豪今年轉戰台灣職籃P. LEAGUE+的高雄17直播鋼鐵人隊，打出亮眼表現。他在場下也關注公益，以其基金會幫助亞太裔美國人。

藝文
Demystifying the Past
羅馬競技場展出珍藏文物  揭露古代生活樣貌
Visitors to the Colosseum Get Up Close and Personal with Ancient Roman Artifacts
近日羅馬競技場搭建臨時展館，讓眾多長年收藏在倉庫裡的古文物重見天日，並由考古學家親自導覽解說，帶遊客近距離看看古代生活樣貌。

旅遊
The K-Spa Experience
體驗不一樣的韓式三溫暖──汗蒸幕
Journey into the Furnace of Korea’s Traditional Sauna
韓式三溫暖稱作汗蒸幕，包含熱水泡澡池、火窯三溫暖和社交廳等設施。跟著CNN記者一同體驗爆汗淋漓後的抒壓暢快。

焦點話題

CNN 全球瞭望
Thailand’s Election Ushers in Youth-Driven Change
泰國前進黨贏得大選  青年世代崛起
Researcher Breaks Record for Time Spent Living Underwater
在海底生活74天  研究人員創紀錄
WHO Declares COVID Is No Longer a Global Health Emergency
世衛組織宣布終止新冠疫情全球衛生緊急狀況

全方位理解CNN
Shows Are Delayed as Writers Strike for Better Working Conditions
好萊塢編劇大罷工  抗議薪酬不公

新聞片語通

CNN主編教你唸
名錶品牌

單字聯想地圖
精品店