哈里森內科學手冊（第19版•英文版）

Contributors................................................xv
Preface...................................................xvii
Acknowledgments..........................................xix
SECTION 1 CARE OF THE HOSPITALIZED PATIENT
1 Electrolytes/Acid-Base Balance....................................................1
2 Diagnostic Imaging in Internal Medicine..................................23
3 Procedures Commonly Performed by Internists......................26
4 Principles of Critical Care Medicine...........................................31
5 Pain and Its Management...........................................................35
6 Assessment of Nutritional Status...............................................40
7 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition...............................................43
8 Transfusion and Pheresis Therapy.............................................46
9 Palliative and End-of-Life Care...................................................48
SECTION 2 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
10 Cardiovascular Collapse and Sudden Death.............................57
11 Shock............................................................................................61
12 Sepsis and Septic Shock..............................................................65
13 Acute Pulmonary Edema............................................................69
14 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.......................................71
15 Respiratory Failure......................................................................73
16 Confusion, Stupor, and Coma....................................................76
17 Stroke...........................................................................................82
18 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage........................................................91
19 Increased Intracranial Pressure and Head Trauma..................93
20 Spinal Cord Compression...........................................................98
21 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy..........................................100
22 Status Epilepticus......................................................................101
23 Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Coma....................104
24 Hypoglycemia............................................................................107
25 Oncologic Emergencies.............................................................109
26 Anaphylaxis...............................................................................114
27 Bites, Venoms, Stings, and Marine Poisonings.......................115
SECTION 3 COMMON PATIENT PRESENTATIONS
28 Fever, Hyperthermia, and Rash................................................127
29 Generalized Fatigue..................................................................131
30 Weight Loss................................................................................135
31 Chest Pain..................................................................................137
32 Palpitations................................................................................141
33 Dyspnea......................................................................................142
34 Cyanosis.....................................................................................145
35 Cough and Hemoptysis.............................................................146
36 Edema.........................................................................................150
37 Abdominal Pain.........................................................................154
38 Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion.........................................158
39 Dysphagia..................................................................................162
40 Diarrhea, Malabsorption, and Constipation...........................167
41 Gastrointestinal Bleeding.........................................................174
42 Jaundice and Evaluation of Liver Function.............................178
43 Ascites........................................................................................187
44 Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly...................................189
45 Anemia and Polycythemia........................................................194
46 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities......................................197
47 Pain and Swelling of Joints.......................................................203
48 Back and Neck Pain...................................................................207
49 Headache...................................................................................215
50 Syncope......................................................................................222
51 Dizziness and Vertigo...............................................................226
52 Acute Visual Loss and Double Vision......................................229
53 Weakness and Paralysis............................................................233
54 Tremor and Movement Disorders............................................236
55 Aphasia.......................................................................................239
56 Sleep Disorders..........................................................................241
57 Dysuria and Bladder Pain.........................................................245
SECTION 4 OTOLARYNGOLOGY
58 Sore Throat, Earache, and Upper
Respiratory Symptoms.............................................................247
SECTION 5 DERMATOLOGY
59 General Examination of the Skin.............................................255
60 Common Skin Conditions.........................................................258
SECTION 6 HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY
61 Examination of Blood Smears and Bone Marrow...................265
62 Red Blood Cell Disorders..........................................................267
63 Leukocytosis and Leukopenia..................................................274
64 Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders.......................................277
65 Myeloid Leukemias, Myelodysplasia, and
Myeloproliferative Syndromes................................................283
66 Lymphoid Malignancies............................................................293
67 Skin Cancer................................................................................305
68 Head and Neck Cancer..............................................................308
69 Lung Cancer...............................................................................310
70 Breast Cancer.............................................................................316
71 Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract......................................321
72 Genitourinary Tract Cancer......................................................333
73 Gynecologic Cancer...................................................................338
74 Prostate Hyperplasia and Carcinoma......................................342
75 Cancer of Unknown Primary Site.............................................345
76 Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes.....................................348
77 Neurologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes...................................352
SECTION 7 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
78 Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities..........................357
79 Infections in the Immunocompromised Host.........................362
80 Infective Endocarditis...............................................................372
81 Intraabdominal Infections........................................................382
82 Infectious Diarrheas..................................................................386
83 Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections.....399
84 Infections of the Skin, Soft Tissues, Joints, and Bones..........415
85 Pneumococcal Infections..........................................................422
86 Staphylococcal Infections.........................................................425
87 Streptococcal/Enterococcal Infections, Diphtheria,
and Infections Caused by Other Corynebacteria
and Related Species..................................................................434
88 Meningococcal and Listerial Infections...................................443
89 Infections Caused by Haemophilus, Bordetella,
Moraxella, and HACEK Group Organisms...............................448
90 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric
Bacteria and Pseudomonas.......................................................453
91 Infections Caused by Miscellaneous
Gram-Negative Bacilli...............................................................462
92 Anaerobic Infections.................................................................469
93 Nocardiosis, Actinomycosis, and Whipple’s Disease.............477
94 Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Infections.................482
95 Lyme Disease and Other Nonsyphilitic
Spirochetal Infections...............................................................494
96 Rickettsial Diseases...................................................................500
97 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella Species, and
Chlamydia pneumoniae.............................................................510
98 Chlamydia trachomatis and C. psittaci.....................................514
99 Herpesvirus Infections..............................................................516
100 Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus Infections..............525
101 Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases.....................530
102 Rubeola, Rubella, Mumps, and Parvovirus Infections...........538
103 Enteroviral Infections................................................................543
104 Insect- and Animal-Borne Viral Infections..............................546
105 HIV Infection and AIDS.............................................................554
106 Fungal Infections.......................................................................568
107 Pneumocystis Infections............................................................583
108 Protozoal Infections..................................................................586
109 Helminthic Infections and Ectoparasite
Infestations................................................................................599
SECTION 8 CARDIOLOGY
110 Physical Examination of the Heart...........................................613
111 Electrocardiography.................................................................618
112 Noninvasive Examination of the Heart...................................622
113 Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult....................................627
114 Valvular Heart Disease..............................................................632
115 Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis........................................639
116 Pericardial Disease....................................................................644
117 Hypertension.............................................................................649
118 Metabolic Syndrome.................................................................656
119 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial
Infarction....................................................................................658
120 Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevation
Myocardial Infarction................................................................668
121 Chronic Stable Angina..............................................................672
122 Bradyarrhythmias.....................................................................677
123 Tachyarrhythmias.....................................................................679
124 Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale.............................................687
125 Diseases of the Aorta................................................................693
126 Peripheral Vascular Disease.....................................................696
127 Pulmonary Hypertension..........................................................699
SECTION 9 PULMONOLOGY
128 Respiratory Function and Pulmonary
Diagnostic Procedures..............................................................705
129 Asthma.......................................................................................711
130 Environmental Lung Diseases..................................................715
131 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.................................718
132 Pneumonia, Bronchiectasis, and Lung Abscess......................722
133 Pulmonary Thromboembolism and Deep-Vein
Thrombosis................................................................................730
134 Interstitial Lung Disease...........................................................734
135 Diseases of the Pleura and Mediastinum................................740
136 Disorders of Ventilation............................................................744
137 Sleep Apnea...............................................................................745
SECTION 10 NEPHROLOGY
138 Acute Renal Failure...................................................................747
139 Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremia........................................752
140 Dialysis.......................................................................................754
141 Renal Transplantation..............................................................756
142 Glomerular Diseases.................................................................759
143 Renal Tubular Disease...............................................................769
144 Urinary Tract Infections and Interstitial Cystitis....................775
145 Nephrolithiasis..........................................................................779
146 Urinary Tract Obstruction.........................................................782
SECTION 11 GASTROENTEROLOGY
147 Peptic Ulcer and Related Disorders.........................................785
148 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases..................................................790
149 Colonic and Anorectal Diseases...............................................794
150 Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis, and Cholangitis.........................799
151 Pancreatitis................................................................................804
152 Acute Hepatitis..........................................................................809
153 Chronic Hepatitis.......................................................................816
154 Cirrhosis and Alcoholic Liver Disease......................................826
155 Portal Hypertension..................................................................831
SECTION 12 ALLERGY, CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, AND RHEUMATOLOGY
156 Diseases of Immediate-Type Hypersensitivity.......................835
157 Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases.....................................840
158 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis,
and Other Connective Tissue Diseases....................................843
159 Vasculitis....................................................................................850
160 Ankylosing Spondylitis.............................................................854
161 Psoriatic Arthritis.......................................................................857
162 Reactive Arthritis.......................................................................859
163 Osteoarthritis.............................................................................861
164 Gout, Pseudogout, and Related Diseases...............................863
165 Other Musculoskeletal Disorders.............................................867
166 Sarcoidosis.................................................................................870
167 Amyloidosis...............................................................................873
SECTION 13 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
168 Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus.........877
169 Diabetes Insipidus and Syndrome of Inappropriate
Antidiuretic Hormone...............................................................883
170 Thyroid Gland Disorders...........................................................886
171 Adrenal Gland Disorders..........................................................895
172 Obesity.......................................................................................901
173 Diabetes Mellitus.......................................................................904
174 Disorders of the Male Reproductive System...........................912
175 Disorders of the Female Reproductive System......................917
176 Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia...........................................924
177 Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia..............................................931
178 Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia..................936
179 Hemochromatosis, Porphyrias, and Wilson’s Disease...........942
SECTION 14 NEUROLOGY
180 The Neurologic Examination....................................................947
181 Seizures and Epilepsy...............................................................956
182 Dementia....................................................................................968
183 Parkinson’s Disease...................................................................976
184 Ataxic Disorders........................................................................981
185 ALS and Other Motor Neuron Diseases...................................984